Heated circulating baths (also known as circulating water baths or heated circulators) are laboratory instruments designed to maintain precise, uniform temperatures in a fluid (typically water or oil) by heating it and continuously circulating it. Unlike simple static water baths, the circulation ensures even temperature distribution, reducing hot/cold spots and improving accuracy—ideal for applications requiring consistency, such as enzymatic reactions or serologic experiments.
They consist of a reservoir (bath tank), a heater, a pump for circulation, and a temperature controller (often digital with PID for precision). Many models support both internal circulation (within the bath for direct sample immersion) and external circulation (pumping fluid to jacketed vessels, reactors, or other equipment).
