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Horizontal Autoclave Principle

A horizontal autoclave operates on the principle of moist heat sterilization using high-pressure steam to eliminate microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Here’s how it works:

1. Steam Generation: The autoclave generates steam by heating water in a sealed chamber. The steam is pressurized, typically to 15–30 psi, raising its temperature to 121–134°C (250–273°F).
2. Heat Transfer: The horizontal design allows efficient steam circulation around the load (e.g., medical instruments, lab equipment). Steam penetrates materials, transferring heat to kill microorganisms by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell structures.
3. Pressure and Temperature Control: The high pressure increases the boiling point of water, enabling steam to reach temperatures lethal to microbes. A typical cycle maintains 121°C at 15 psi for 15–30 minutes, depending on the load.
4. Air Removal: Air is removed from the chamber (via gravity displacement or vacuum pumps) to ensure steam contacts all surfaces. Residual air can insulate microbes, reducing sterilization effectiveness.
5. Sterilization Cycle: The process involves three phases:
   • Heating: The chamber reaches the target temperature and pressure.
   • Sterilization: The load is exposed to steam for a set time to ensure microbial destruction.
   • Cooling/Depressurization: Steam is vented, and the chamber cools, allowing safe removal of the load.
6. Safety and Monitoring: Horizontal autoclaves have pressure valves, temperature sensors, and timers to ensure consistent performance. Indicators (chemical or biological) confirm sterilization.

The horizontal configuration, with a cylindrical chamber and door at one end, optimizes space and facilitates loading large or heavy items, commonly used in hospitals, labs, and industries.

Horizontal Cylindrical Autoclave

A Horizontal Cylindrical Autoclave is a high-pressure sterilization device used in laboratories, hospitals, and industries like pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and food processing. It features a cylindrical chamber, typically made of stainless steel (SS 304 or 316), and designed for durability and corrosion resistance. These autoclaves use pressurized steam, usually at 121–134°C and 15–30 psi, to sterilize medical instruments, surgical dressings, glassware, rubber, plastics, and bio-medical waste

Key Features

• Construction: Triple-walled (inner chamber, jacket, outer cover) with a separate boiler for steam generation, often equipped with a water level indicator and automatic low water cut-off.
• Safety: Includes pressure control switches, safety valves, vacuum breakers, and over-temperature protection. Radial locking systems and silicone gaskets ensure a secure seal.
• Operation: Semi-automatic or fully automatic with digital controllers for temperature and pressure. Some models feature LCD touchscreens, pre-programmed cycles (e.g., for wrapped/unwrapped instruments, liquids, or rubber), and drying functions using vacuum systems or heated jackets.
• Capacity: Ranges from 40 to 1000 liters, suitable for high-volume sterilization.
• Applications: Sterilizes medical tools, lab equipment, and waste in settings requiring reliable microbial elimination, such as BSL-3/BSL-4 facilities.

Operation Steps:

1. Unlock and open the chamber.
2. Add water to the steam generator.
3. Clean the chamber if needed.
4. Load items for sterilization.
5. Close and lock the door, then power on.
6. Set desired temperature/pressure via the controller.
7. Monitor the cycle and release steam/pressure as needed.
8. After completion, safely remove sterilized items.

Horizontal Rectangular Autoclave

A Horizontal Rectangular Autoclave is a high-pressure steam sterilizer designed for large-capacity sterilization in settings like hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, and microbiology labs. It features a rectangular chamber, typically made of stainless steel (SS 304 or SS 316) for corrosion resistance, with a triple-walled construction for enhanced safety and thermal efficiency. The design optimizes space for sterilizing larger or irregularly shaped items, such as surgical instruments, glassware, and media, compared to cylindrical models.

Operation:

1. Unlock the chamber and ensure it’s clean.
2. Add sufficient water to the steam generator.
3. Load items to be sterilized.
4. Close and lock the lid, then power on the unit.
5. Set desired temperature and pressure via the controller.
6. Monitor the cycle until complete.
7. Release steam/pressure safely using the release valve.
8. Carefully remove sterilized items.

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